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Chhattisgarh's Tiger Population Doubles
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21 Mar 2025 - 3 min read
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Environment and Ecology11-Sep-2025
Sariska Tiger Reserve Boundary Rationalisation
The recent developments concerning the Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR) highlight ongoing legal and environmental concerns surrounding the proposed rationalisation of its Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH) boundaries. This rationalisation, primarily aimed at accommodating marble and dolomite mining activities, has faced legal scrutiny and public opposition, leading to a reassessment by the Environment Ministry. ### Key Developments: - **Background**: The rationalisation plan emerged after the Supreme Court issued a ruling in May 2023, resulting in the closure of over 50 marble and dolomite mines due to their proximity to the CTH, an area designated for tiger protection. - **Approval Process**: - The Rajasthan State Wildlife Board (SWLB) approved the rationalisation plan on June 23, 2023, which received expedited clearance from the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the standing committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) within four days. - However, this swift approval process raised alarm among environmental stakeholders, prompting legal challenges from petitioners including the Tiger Trails Trust. - **Legal Proceedings**: - In response to the petitioners' legal challenges, the Environment Ministry initially defended the rationalisation plan as compliant with legal and scientific criteria but later acknowledged the necessity for public consultation following judicial directives from the Supreme Court. - During proceedings, the Solicitor General confirmed that the Environment Ministry agreed to invite public objections regarding the rationalisation plan, indicating a willingness to address stakeholder concerns. - **Supreme Court's Involvement**: - The court noted the procedural inconsistencies flagged by the petitioners, particularly the lack of consultation with local gram sabhas (village councils) as mandated under the Forest Rights Act (FRA). - The Supreme Court has set a timeline for completing the boundary rationalisation process, demanding that it adhere to legal procedures and return for final approval. - **Implications for Mining Activities**: - Under the proposed boundaries, about 50 previously closed mines could potentially resume operations, as the rationalization would push CTH boundaries outward, moving these mines outside the designated no-mining zone. - Of the estimated 100 mining operations around Sariska, 43 were non-operational for various reasons, while the remaining 57 faced closure due to the Supreme Court ruling in May 2023. - **Ongoing Research and Environmental Concerns**: - Issues relating to community relocation, cattle grazing, and boundary demarcation are being assessed as part of a report from the Central Empowered Committee (CEC), established for more effective management and protection of wildlife areas following a suo motu case initiated by the Supreme Court. - The CEC's investigation highlighted illegal mining activities as symptomatic of inadequate boundary demarcation. ### Conclusion: The rationalisation of the Sariska Tiger Reserve's CTH boundaries is a complex issue intertwining legal, environmental, and economic factors. The Supreme Court's insistence on procedural compliance and public consultation reflects the need for balanced decision-making in matters concerning biodiversity conservation and economic interests. ### Important Points: - The Environment Ministry submitted to Supreme Court reconsiderations for the Sariska CTH boundary rationalisation after public objections and legal challenges. - The approval process for the rationalisation plan faced scrutiny, with key public consultations mandated by the Supreme Court under its 2024 order. - Local mining operations impacted by Supreme Court orders now have the potential for revival under the proposed boundary changes. - Environmental and community engagement issues remain significant, underscoring the need for transparent governance in wildlife conservation.
Science and Technology11-Sep-2025
Designer Clownfish Development by Scientists
**Summary: Development of Designer Clownfish by NBFGR** Scientists at the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) have made a significant breakthrough in aquaculture by successfully developing designer clownfish through the cross-breeding of two different species of clownfish: Amphiprion percula (the male) and Amphiprion ocellaris (the female). This research, led by scientists Ajith Kumar T.T. and P. R. Divya at the Centre for Peninsular Aquatic Genetic Resources, has been documented in an article published in the journal *Current Science*. **Key Highlights:** - **Cross-Breeding of Clownfish Species:** - The designer clownfish was created by cross-breeding Amphiprion percula and Amphiprion ocellaris. - This development contributes to biodiversity in aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade. - **Hatchery Production Technology:** - NBFGR has an existing technology for hatchery production of over twelve species of clownfish, utilizing low saline water, which is significant for sustainable aquaculture practices. - **Location of Hatchery:** - The designer clownfish was produced at the hatchery located at the Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Centre in Airoli, Mumbai. - **Collaboration with Tamil Nadu Government:** - The NBFGR has partnered with the Tribal Development Department of the Tamil Nadu government to enhance the livelihoods of tribal communities situated in the Pichavaram and Pulicat regions. - This initiative aims to support community-based aquaculture through a cluster approach, which would allow for shared resources and collective rearing of the fish. - **Economic Benefits:** - The propagation of designer clownfish will be facilitated at Annamalai University, with the intention to distribute them to beneficiaries in the tribal communities. - The community aquaculture initiative is expected to yield promising financial returns for the participating families, fostering economic development in these regions. - **Publication Date:** - The news regarding this development was published on September 11, 2025. In conclusion, the advancements made by NBFGR not only exemplify a significant scientific achievement in the field of aquaculture but also reflect the integration of livelihood enhancement strategies for marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu. This approach highlights the potential of aquaculture as a means of sustainable economic development while contributing to biodiversity and ecological conservation.
Environment and Ecology10-Sep-2025
Punjab Faces Severe Flooding Disaster
In August 2023, Punjab experienced severe flooding, marking its worst flood situation since 1988, driven by overflow from the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi rivers. Concurrently, intense rainfall led to the deaths of at least 34 individuals in India-controlled Kashmir and parts of Pakistan. The Indian Himalayan region, historically prone to disasters, also witnessed the complete disappearance of the village Dharali in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand due to landslides triggered by deluges. These recent catastrophes echo past incidents such as the 2013 Kedarnath floods and the 2021 disaster in Chamoli, often considered unprecedented acts of nature. Key Highlights: - **Flood Severity**: Punjab suffered its worst floods in 35 years (since 1988); hundreds of villages affected. - **Casualties**: At least 34 reported deaths in Kashmir and Pakistan due to monsoon rains. - **Recent Disasters**: The Himalayan region previously faced significant flooding in 2013 and 2021. - **Nature of Disasters**: Experts argue these disasters are not entirely natural but result from a blend of climate change and unsustainable development practices. Arun B. Shreshta from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) emphasized that most natural disasters can be attributed to human activity compounded by climate change. He noted the Himalayas' instability makes them particularly vulnerable to floods, landslides, and glacial lake eruptions. The Supreme Court of India has intervened, expressing deep concerns over environmental degradation. Chief Justice B.R. Gavai highlighted the alarming sight of logs floating in floodwaters and emphasized the need for environmental conservation alongside development. On July 18, a Supreme Court bench underscored the potential disappearance of Himachal Pradesh due to unchecked development and urged that ecologically sustainable practices be prioritized. Key Legal Observations: - **Supreme Court Warnings**: On July 18, the court voiced concerns about the ecological impacts of development in Himachal Pradesh. - **Environmental Concern**: Chief Justice Gavai highlighted the seriousness of deforestation and flooding, warning that extensive development could obliterate entire regions. Experts stress that development plans in hilly areas must weigh local conditions instead of mimicking urban plans from places like Delhi or Mumbai. There is a call for lifecycle analyses and comprehensive impact assessments before embarking on major interventions in these vulnerable zones. Furthermore, Himachal Pradesh hosts 1,144 hydropower plants, with several more in development. In Uttarakhand, there are 40 operational hydroelectric projects, which significantly alter the landscape and could exacerbate disaster risks. Heavy machinery used for infrastructure development increases the potential for landslides and flooding. Key Economic and Environmental Data: - **Hydropower Plants**: Himachal Pradesh has 1,144 plants; Uttarakhand has 40 operational and 87 in planning stages. - **Temperature Trends**: The average temperature in the Indian Himalayas is rising faster than the global average, leading to more rapid snowmelt and increasing disaster risks. Experts call for urgent measures to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. There is a pressing need for disaster preparedness, climate literacy, and community involvement in governance to ensure that infrastructure projects consider the ecological repercussions. The rise in tourism further complicates this issue, as it drives demand for land development, leading to increased deforestation, particularly of the native deodar trees which play a crucial role in soil stability. Crucial Recommendations: - **Comprehensive Assessments**: Importance of social and disaster impact assessments for all major projects. - **Community Involvement**: Local populations should be engaged in decision-making processes for development projects. These disasters underscore the critical intersection of ecological sustainability and developmental planning in the Indian Himalayan region, highlighting the urgency for a strategic shift to avert future calamities.
Environment and Ecology10-Sep-2025
Bengaluru's Biodiversity Heritage Site Declared
On September 10, 2025, Eshwar B. Khandre, the Forest, Ecology, and Environment Minister of Karnataka, declared an 8.61-acre area of the Cantonment Railway Colony in Bengaluru as a Biodiversity Heritage Site. This designation is grounded in the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, specifically under Section 37. ### Key Details of the Declaration: - **Site Specification**: The Cantonment Railway Colony area comprises 371 trees from 50 different species, covering a total area of 34,843 square feet. - **Ecological Importance**: This site is crucial for urban ecology, providing essential ecosystem services such as air purification and habitat for diverse flora and fauna. It also serves as a lung space for Bengaluru, contributing significantly to reducing carbon dioxide levels and mitigating air and noise pollution. ### Historical Context: - The site holds historical significance, notably as a location where Mahatma Gandhi engaged with freedom fighters in 1920. Such heritage coupled with its ecological value prompted public interest in preserving the area. ### Public and Government Interaction: - The declaration followed strong public opposition to a proposal made by the Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA) to remove 368 trees for commercial development. - Following the April 25 notification from the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, significant public mobilization occurred: - An online petition garnered over 3,081 signatures against tree felling. - A digital campaign opposing the removal of the 368 trees received over 10,670 supporters. - In total, about 15,000 citizens expressed their desire to preserve the trees and protect the Biodiversity Heritage Site. - The government received only two objections regarding the proposal, which highlighted the strong public sentiment in favor of conservation. ### Government Initiatives: - Minister Khandre conducted a site inspection on June 20, which informed the decision to propose protection measures. - The Biodiversity Board engaged the community, inviting suggestions and objections, reflecting a commitment to democratic engagement in environmental decision-making. ### Implications of the Declaration: - The decision to designate the site as a Biodiversity Heritage Site is seen as a progressive step in combating the decline of Bengaluru’s green cover amid concerns over deteriorating air quality and climate change. - The Minister emphasized the importance of this historic decision in the context of global climate challenges, stating that it is imperative to conserve such natural resources to ensure ecological resilience. ### Conclusion: The government's recognition of the Cantonment Railway Colony as a Biodiversity Heritage Site marks a significant effort to balance urban development with ecological conservation. It reflects both a commitment to addressing public concerns and enhancing the ecological integrity of urban centers. **Important Points:** - **Biodiversity Heritage Site**: Cantonment Railway Colony, 8.61 acres, 371 trees, 50 species. - **Legal Framework**: Under Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. - **Historical Significance**: Location of Mahatma Gandhi's interactions with freedom fighters in 1920. - **Public Mobilization**: Over 15,000 citizens opposed the removal of trees; notable online petitions and campaigns. - **Government Response**: Minister Khandre's site inspection and community engagement. - **Ecological Importance**: Essential for maintaining air quality and biodiversity in Bengaluru amidst climate change. - **Public Sentiment**: Only two objections to the designation; strong community support for conservation.
Science and Technology10-Sep-2025
New Aspergillus Species Revealed in India
Researchers from the MACS-Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in Pune, part of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, have unveiled two new species of Aspergillus section Nigri, namely, Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae. Additionally, the study marked the first geographic records of two other species, A. aculeatinus and A. brunneoviolaceus, from soil samples in the ecologically sensitive Western Ghats region. Key Highlights: - **Species Description**: - **Aspergillus dhakephalkarii**: Characterized by rapid colony growth, pale to dark brown conidia, smooth-walled ellipsoidal conidia, and distinct branching patterns in conidiophores. - **Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae**: Fast-growing with yellowish-orange sclerotia, modest sporulation, and echinulate conidia. - **Research Significance**: - This study demonstrates a pressing need for ongoing exploration and conservation in the Western Ghats, a hotspot with significant ecological and biotechnological importance. - Fungi in the genus Aspergillus hold vital roles in medical, industrial, and ecological applications, particularly in fields like fermentation technology and food mycology. - **Techniques Employed**: - The research team utilized an integrative or polyphasic taxonomic approach, which combined morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analyses. - Genetic marker analyses included Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Calmodulin (CaM), BenA, and RPB2 genes to authenticate the species and understand phylogenetic relationships. - **Findings on Phylogeny**: - Phylogenetic analysis positioned A. dhakephalkarii as closely related to A. saccharolyticus and A. patriciawiltshireae as related to A. indologenus, A. japonicus, and A. uvarum. - **Historical Context**: - Previous discoveries of the Nigri section's species in the Western Ghats were conducted by international researchers. This study led by **Dr. Rajesh Kumar K. C.** transitioned from a project initiated by the **National Fungal Culture Collection of India** to a detailed examination by ARI, highlighting advancements in the mycological understanding of the region. - **Funding and Acknowledgments**: - The research was supported by the **Core Funding of MACS ARI** and a project grant from the **ANRF** (previously **SERB**) under project number **YSS/2015/001590**. - **First Indian Study**: - This research is notably significant as it is the first study in India to implement the advanced integrative taxonomic approaches in the identification of Aspergillus species, amplifying the scientific understanding of the rich fungal diversity in the Western Ghats. In conclusion, this study not only enriches the taxonomic inventory of Aspergillus species localized within India but also emphasizes the ecological richness of the Western Ghats, highlighting the importance of sustained environmental research and conservation efforts. ### Important Points: - Identification of two new species: A. dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae. - First records of species A. aculeatinus and A. brunneoviolaceus in India. - Utilized polyphasic taxonomic methods integrating morphology and molecular data. - Key researchers: Harikrishnan K., Rajesh Kumar K. C., and Ravindra M. Patil from MACS ARI. - Research underscores the Western Ghats as a vital ecological reservoir. - Significance for industries such as food mycology and fermentation technology. - Represents a pioneering Indian academic endeavor in the systematics of Aspergillus species.
Environment and Ecology10-Sep-2025
Indian Coast Guard Rescues Turtles
**Summary: Indian Coast Guard Rescues Endangered Olive Ridley Turtles** On September 10, 2025, personnel from the Indian Coast Guard successfully rescued and released four Olive Ridley turtles that were entangled in a fishing net in the Gulf of Mannar, near Rameswaram. The operation highlights the ongoing efforts and commitment towards wildlife conservation by the Indian Coast Guard. **Key Points:** - The rescue operation was conducted by the crew of the Indian Coast Guard’s patrol vessel ‘Vajra’. - While on patrol duty in the Gulf of Mannar, the Coast Guard personnel observed a fishing net with buoys floating in the sea. - Upon approaching the net in a small inflatable boat, the team discovered that it contained four Olive Ridley turtles trapped and unable to escape. - The personnel spent over an hour carefully extricating the turtles from the net without causing them harm. - After successfully freeing them, the four Olive Ridleys were released back into the ocean alive. - The Olive Ridley turtle is categorized as an endangered species and is protected under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which prohibits the hunting and trade of threatened species. - The Indian Wildlife Protection Act is an important legislative framework in India aimed at protecting various wildlife species and their habitats, ensuring sustainable ecosystem management. This incident underscores the critical role of the Indian Coast Guard in wildlife conservation efforts, as well as the importance of protecting endangered species within India's marine ecosystems. The successful rescue operation serves as a reminder of the challenges faced by marine wildlife due to fishing practices and human interference. Continued vigilance and rapid response capability by such agencies can significantly mitigate threats to biodiversity in marine environments.
International Relation10-Sep-2025
India Hosts Annual Oceans Law Conference
**Summary of the 48th Annual Conference on Oceans Law & Policy (COLP48) in New Delhi** The 48th Annual Conference on Oceans Law & Policy (COLP48) was held in New Delhi, marking a significant milestone as it is the first time in nearly 50 years that India has hosted this event. The conference aimed to discuss and explore sustainable and inclusive marine governance in the context of the Indian Ocean, with a focus on developmental priorities of nations in the region. ### Key Highlights: - **Strategic Importance of Indian Ocean**: - Dr. M. Ravichandran, Secretary of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, emphasized the ocean's role in regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, and facilitating global trade. - The Indian Ocean is highlighted as crucial to India’s future in terms of food, water, energy, climate, and security. - **Threats to the Indian Ocean**: - Climate change, sea-level rise, acidification, declining productivity, and increasing cyclones pose significant threats to the region. - **Five Priority Areas for Ocean Governance**: 1. **Livelihood & Food Security**: Sustain fisheries and mariculture. 2. **Regional Cooperation**: Foster South-South solidarity among Indian Ocean Rim nations. 3. **Integration of Knowledge**: Combine traditional practices with modern science in governance. 4. **Climate Resilience**: Use ecosystem-based approaches to protect biodiversity. 5. **Innovative Financing**: Build capacity for ocean research and governance through innovative finance. - **Marine Spatial Planning**: - Emphasis on the need for robust marine spatial planning and frameworks for hazard mitigation to foster sustainable ocean practices. - **Research and Exploration**: - Dr. Ravichandran noted only 5% of oceans have been explored, calling for enhanced research initiatives and international cooperation. - **Call for Global Engagement**: - He urged for greater participation of Indian Ocean states in global forums such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), International Seabed Authority, and the BBNJ (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction) Agreement. - **Unique Characteristics of the Indian Ocean**: - Highlighted as the only ocean where currents and winds reverse direction every six months, contributing to accelerated warming. - It is predicted that the number of marine heatwave days could increase dramatically from 20 to 220 days annually by the century's end, threatening marine ecosystems. - **International Collaboration**: - The need for collaborative efforts was stressed, not just for regional needs but for global sustainability. ### Organizational Details: - The conference was organized by the Stockton Center for International Law (U.S. Naval War College) and Gujarat Maritime University, supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. - Notable institutions involved included the World Maritime University, Korea Maritime Institute, Japan Institute of International Affairs, National Maritime Foundation, and the University of Copenhagen. ### Concluding Remarks: Dr. Ravichandran advocated for evidence-based, collaborative, and forward-looking policies to ensure a clean, healthy, and resilient Indian Ocean, asserting its necessity for both regional and global contexts. **Important Points**: - India hosted COLP48 for the first time in almost 50 years. - Focus on sustainable marine governance in the Indian Ocean. - Five priority areas were outlined for effective governance. - Urgent need for research and exploration in the largely unexplored oceanic zones. - Call for enhanced engagement of Indian Ocean states at international governance forums. - Emphasis on collaboration for ocean sustainability for future generations.
Science and Technology10-Sep-2025
New Aspergillus Species Discovered
**Summary:** Researchers from the MACS-Agharkar Research Institute in Pune, India, have announced the discovery of two new species belonging to the Aspergillus section Nigri, specifically named **Aspergillus dhakephalkarii** and **Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae**. This study also revealed the first geographic occurrences of two other black Aspergillus species, **A. aculeatinus** and **A. brunneoviolaceus**, in soil samples from the ecologically significant Western Ghats region. - The research was conducted by an Indian team and marks a vital contribution to mycological studies in the Western Ghats, which is known for its rich biodiversity and is recognized as an ecologically sensitive hotspot. - Aspergillus fungi are important for their roles in medical research, industrial applications, and ecological processes. The genus is widely distributed and includes species that are pivotal in citric acid production, food mycology, fermentation, and agricultural practices. - Despite previous findings of Aspergillus species in the Western Ghats, studies focusing on those within the Nigri section have been limited, indicating the need for more in-depth exploration and taxonomic research. **Methodology:** - The research incorporated an integrative or polyphasic taxonomic approach, adhering to established protocols for species authentication set by international experts in Aspergillaceae systematics. - Detailed morphological characterization combined with molecular phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (CaM), beta-tubulin (BenA), and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes was utilized to identify the new species. - The phylogenetic analysis indicated that **A. dhakephalkarii** groups closely with **A. saccharolyticus**, while **A. patriciawiltshireae** is related to **A. indologenus**, **A. japonicus**, and **A. uvarum**. **Species Characteristics:** - **Aspergillus dhakephalkarii**: Exhibits rapid colony growth, pale to dark brown conidia, and yellowish-white sclerotia. It has distinct uniseriate conidiophores that branch into two to three columns and produces smooth-walled, ellipsoidal conidia. - **Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae**: Also known for its fast-growing colonies with prominent sclerotia but demonstrates less sporulation. It produces yellowish-orange sclerotia and features echinulate conidia with uniseriate conidiophores branching into more than five columns. **Funding and Support:** - The research was initiated by Dr. Rajesh Kumar K. C. through the National Fungal Culture Collection of India, supported by the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, under the ANRF Project (YSS/2015/001590) and continues with the MACS ARI’s core funding. **Importance of the Findings:** - The identification of these species underscores the ecological and biotechnological significance of the fungal diversity in the Western Ghats region. - The study is the first of its kind by an Indian team employing advanced taxonomic approaches, which highlights India's potential as a key player in global mycological research. In conclusion, this research presents crucial advancements in understanding the diversity of Aspergillus fungi in one of India’s biodiversity hotspots and emphasizes the need for ongoing exploration to uncover the ecological treasures hidden within the Western Ghats. **Key Points:** - Discovery of two new Aspergillus species: **A. dhakephalkarii** and **A. patriciawiltshireae**. - First records of **A. aculeatinus** and **A. brunneoviolaceus** in India. - Conducted at MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, with governmental support. - Utilized integrative or polyphasic taxonomic approach for species validation. - Highlights ecological importance and need for further research in Western Ghats' fungal diversity.
Environment and Ecology04-Sep-2025
Limitations of Geological Carbon Storage
The recent study published in *Nature* challenges the prevailing assumptions regarding geological carbon storage, an important strategy in combating climate change. The research emphasizes the finite nature of CO2 storage capacities, which may significantly impact global climate policies and strategies. ### Key Highlights: - **Geological Carbon Storage**: This process captures CO2 emissions from sources like power plants and injects it into deep rock formations for long-term storage. - **Capacity Limit**: The study asserts that the Earth can safely hold only about **1,460 billion tonnes** of CO2 underground, contrary to earlier estimates of **11,800 billion tonnes**. This drastic reduction indicates that resources for carbon storage are limited and should not be regarded as infinite. - **Research Methodology**: Researchers from Europe, the UK, and the US developed a global map of sedimentary basins, identifying suitable locations for CO2 storage while excluding: - Areas near earthquake zones - Polar regions - Biodiversity hotspots - Locations with practical constraints such as inadequate storage depth or offshore drilling limitations - **Impact on Climate Strategies**: The research warns that overreliance on geological storage could undermine effective climate strategies, compelling countries to reduce emissions promptly and treat carbon storage as a limited resource. - **Temperature Reversal Limit**: The study indicates that the maximum potential temperature reversal through carbon storage would be about **0.7º C**, underscoring that while carbon storage can aid in climate mitigation, it cannot singularly address global warming. - **Global Disparity in Storage Capacities**: The research highlights unequal distribution of CO2 storage capacities, with higher capacities found in Russia, the US, and Saudi Arabia, while countries like India and several European nations possess significantly less capacity. - **Recommendations for Global Climate Policy**: - Governments should plan with precise knowledge of CO2 storage limits. - The study encourages prioritizing emission cuts over reliance on carbon storage. - Emphasis on rapid transitions to renewable energy sources, industrial changes, and the conservation of natural carbon sinks remains crucial. - **Acknowledgment of Limitations**: The authors note the study's limitation in not considering challenges in scaling up carbon capture and storage technology or potential advancements in related technologies in the future. ### Conclusion: The study’s findings underscore the necessity for a paradigm shift in climate strategies, advocating for immediate emission reductions over dependence on geological carbon storage. It highlights the urgent need for coherent global policies that recognize both the potential and limitations of carbon capture and storage technologies. ### Important Sentences: - The Earth’s safe CO2 storage capacity is estimated at **1,460 billion tonnes**. - Earlier estimates of capacity were around **11,800 billion tonnes**. - The research emphasizes the finite nature of underground storage and its implications for climate strategy. - The study found that the maximum temperature reversal through storage is only about **0.7º C**. - There is a significant disparity in CO2 storage capacities among countries. - Immediate emission cuts remain the most viable solution to combating climate change.